IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
SUBJECT : Companies Act, 1956
C.S. (OS) No. 1204 of 2004
Judgment reserved on: May 14, 2007
Judgment delivered on:
December 04, 2007
M/s. Kamdhenu Ispat Limited ..... Plaintiff
Through: Mr. Ajay Amitabh Suman with Mr. Pankaj Kumar
versus
M/s.
Kamdhenu Metal ..... Defendant Through: None
VIPIN
SANGHI, J.
1.By this
order I propose to dispose of the above suit filed by the plaintiff seeking the
relief of a perpetual injunction restraining passing off the goods by
defendants under the mark 'Kamdhenu Metal', rendition of account of profits,
delivery up, etc.
2.Summons
were issued in the prescribed form and were duly served upon the defendant.
However, the defendant did not take part in the proceedings and the matter was
proceeded ex-parte against him. Ex-parte evidence was led. Documents were
exhibited. Arguments advanced and orders reserved. PLAINTIFF'S CONTENTIONS
3.The
plaintiff company which is duly registered under the Companies Act, 1956,
having its registered office at A-1114, Riico Industrial Area, Phase III,
Bhiwadi, Alwar, Rajasthan and Delhi Office at 5/2, Punjabi Bagh Extension, New
Delhi is a public limited company. The suit has been filed through Mr. Arvind
Gupta, Company Secretary of the plaintiff who has been duly authorized for the
said purpose vide a Board Resolution in his favour. The plaintiff company in
the year 1991 honestly, bonafidely adopted the trademark / trade name
'Kamdhenu' in the course of the trade of manufacturing and marketing of Steel
Bars and other allied goods. Plaintiff's products are being distributed in the
major parts of the country. The word 'Kamdhenu' also forms a vital part of its
trade name, i.e., Kamdhenu Ispat Ltd.
4.Plaintiff
has filed a number of applications under different classes of Trademarks Act,
1999 for the registration of the said mark.
5.The
plaintiff also has copyright in the unique stylized manner alongwith the colour
combination, in which the word 'Kamdhenu' is depicted. The same is registered
under the Copyrights Act, 1957. The plaintiff's goods and business under the
said trademark have acquired tremendous goodwill and enviable reputation in the
market. The Plaintiff has built up an extensive trade thereunder. The plaintiff
has spent enormous amount of money in publicizing the said trademark/trade name
through several modes. As a result, the said trademark and trade name have
acquired secondary meaning which denotes the plaintiff and its goods
exclusively. Thus, the said trademark is a well known trademark within the
meaning of Section 2(1)(ZG) of the Trademarks Act, 1999. The public at large
associates and identifies the said trademark with the plaintiff and its goods
alone.
6.The
defendants are engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of the steel products
including household containers under the trademark / trade name 'Kamdhenu
Metal'. Defendant No. 1 appears to be the firm and defendant No. 2 the person
managing the affairs of defendant No. 1. However, the exact
constitution/relation of the defendants is not known.
7.Towards
the end of June, and beginning of July 2004, the plaintiff came to know that
the products of the defendants are being sold under the trademark / trade name
'Kamdhenu Metal' identical in depiction as well, to that of the plaintiff.
8.The goods of the
defendants are similar/cognate goods. The trademark / trade name adopted by
them is identical and deceptively similar to the trademark / trade name that of
the plaintiff in each and every respect including getup, make up and the
artistic manner in which it is depicted. It is also phonetically similar to the
plaintiff's trademark / trade name. Therefore, the impugned trademark / trade
name of the defendant is bound to cause, deception and confusion in the normal
course of business and has been adopted by the defendant with the sole aim of
riding piggyback on the reputation of the plaintiff. Thus, the defendants are
passing off and enabling others to pass off their goods and business as that of
the plaintiff. The defendants are not the proprietor of the impugned trademark
/ trade name and therefore have no right to adopt to use the same as a
trademark / trade name or in any other manner without the leave, license or
authority of the plaintiff.
9.The
plaintiff through their attorneys addressed a cease and desist notice dated
14.7.2004 to defendant No. 1 calling upon it to desist from using the said
trademark / trade name. The same was returned with the remarks 'unclaimed'. The
plaintiff launched inquiries in the market about the business activities of the
defendants and received information that the defendants had recently started
using the said trademark / trade name commercially. The business is being
carried out by the defendant in a clandestine manner without issuing any formal
bills and invoices against the sales being made by them.
10.The cause
of action arose in its favour in the end of June and beginning of July 2004,
when the plaintiff obtained knowledge of the illegal activities of the
defendants. This court has jurisdiction to try and adjudicate upon the present
suit as the impugned acts of passing off are being committed within the
jurisdiction of this court, as the business is being conducted in Delhi and
other parts of the country in clandestine manner. The plaintiff has its
corporate office at Delhi and the application for registration of trademark has
also been filed in Delhi. Thus, Section 134 of the Trademarks Act, 1999 is
applicable. DISCUSSION AND DECISION
11.Since the
defendant has failed to appear, the matter was proceeded with ex-parte and
after arguments order was reserved. However, while preparing the judgment it
was noticed that the affidavit by way of evidence filed by the Plaintiff was
deficient, inasmuch as, ex parte evidence with respect to the territorial
jurisdiction of this court to entertain this suit was not led and therefore the
matter was listed for directions on 31.7.2007. Pursuant thereto, an additional
affidavit by the Plaintiff was filed on 14th September 2007 taking care of the
deficiencies. Since the matter is ex-parte, I will now proceed to consider the
claim of the Plaintiff on the basis of the ex-parte evidence lead by it.
12.The Plaintiff has filed
its evidence by way of affidavit as Ex. PW-1/A deposing the facts as narrated
in the plaint. The Plaintiff also proved various documents marked as Ex.P-1 to
Ex.P-4. Ex.P-1 is the document depicting the trademark of the Plaintiff. The
mark KAMDHENU SARIA is depicted in red and black colour in Capital Letters in
English and in the Devnagari script. It also comprises of a logo with the words
“Sampurna Suraksha ki Guarantee” written in the Roman script and devnagri
script. Ex.P-2 is the trademark/trade name adopted by the defendant. The
depiction of the defendants mark “Kamdhenu Metal” in Ex. P-2 is in a different
font. The Plaintiff's sales figure for the years 1995-96 to the years 2003-2004
have been exhibited as Ex.P-3. It is seen that the Plaintiff has sales figures
of over Rs.75 crores in the year 2003-2004 and there has been a steady growth
in the sales from 1995-1996 onwards. By way of additional affidavit dated
21.7.2006, the Plaintiff has also filed a copy of the certificates issued by
the trademark registry in respect of the registration of the trademark Kamdhenu
in various classes.
13.Having
gone through the evidence adduced by the Plaintiff and having perused the marks
of the Plaintiff and the defendant, I am of the opinion that the Plaintiff has
made out a case for grant of permanent injunction, as prayed for. Since the
marks in question are phonetically similar, and the Plaintiff has been using
its mark for the sale of its goods for a considerable period of time and has
acquired goodwill and repute in the business in the market, therefore the
likelihood of confusion and deception being caused to the public at large
cannot be ruled out and appears to be inevitable. Since the plaintiff has been
using this mark in respect of Steel and Allied products, the use of the mark by
the defendant in respect of Steel Utensils can only lead an ordinary man to
believe that the products have originated from the plaintiff or otherwise have
connection with his business.
14.I,
therefore, pass a decree in favour of the plaintiff, permanently injuncting and
restraining the defendants and their proprietors/partners, servants, agents,
representatives, dealers and others acting for and on its behalf from
infringing the trade mark of the plaintiff or infringing the copyright of the
Plaintiff contained in the artistic manner in which the said mark is depicted,
or in any manner represent that its goods originate from the plaintiff or to do
anything the exclusive right to do which is conferred upon the plaintiff as the
owner of the trademark/copyright in the said mark. The defendants are further
restrained from manufacturing, selling offering for sale, advertising, etc.,
directly or indirectly goods under the trademark Kamdhenu or any other
trademark, which may be desciptively similar to the plaintiff's mark. I further
direct the rendition of accounts by the defendant. I also award cost of the
suit in favour of the plaintiff and against the defendant.
15.However,
it is noted that though the relief of rendition of account has been valued for
the purposes of the jurisdiction at Rs.20,00,500/-for the purposes of court
fee, it has been valued at Rs.1,000/-and court fee of Rs.150/-only has been
affixed thereon. The total court fee paid by the plaintiff is only Rs.300/-. To
my mind, the suit has not been properly valued for the purposes of court fee
and adequate court fees has not been affixed thereon. This Court in Bharat
Sanchar Nigam Ltd. vs. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Executive Association (Regd.) and
others, 130 (2006) DLT 195, deprecated the practice of valuing the suit for the
purpose of pecuniary jurisdiction at higher value wherein court fees is not
affixed accordingly, wherein it was held that though the fixation of value of
the suit is in the discretion of the plaintiff, but once he exercises such
discretion on bona fide belief, he is obliged to pay the court fee in
accordance with the provision of the Court Fees Act, 1870. Consequently, the
plaintiff is directed to pay ad valorem court fees on the amount of
Rs.20,01,500/-at which amount the suit has been valued within one month. The
decree shall be drawn up only upon the payment of the balance court fees by the
Plaintiff.
Sd/
VIPIN SANGHI, J
